Fitriana Setya

4.REPORTED SPEECH
Devinisi
- Dalam Indirect Speech/Reported Speech terdapatperubahab kata kerjaatau tenses padakalimat yang di ucapkansipembicara.
- Dalam Direct Speech antara Reporting Verb dan Reported Words biasanyaditandaidendan (tandabaca) koma
- Tandakutip(Quotation Mark) tidakdipakaidalam Indirect Speech
Pengertian Reported Speech
Reported Speech adalahkalimat yangmelaporkansesuatusebagaiulangandaripernyataanseseorang.
Hal yang sangatumumtentanginiadalahkaitanantara Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech.
- Direct Speech (KalimatLangsung) adalahkalimat yang diucapkanlangsungolehsipembicara.
- Indirect Speech (KalimatTakLangsung) adalahkalimat yang mengatakanmelaporkankembaliucapanseseorangtanpamengubahmaksudapa yang dikatakansipembicara.
- Indirect Speech bisajugadisebut Reported Speech (Kalimat yang dilaporkan).
. Example:
Direct Speech
- Arum said “Anna has bought a new car”.
- Anti said “my parents are very well”
- Desi said “I’m going to give up smoking”
- Niken said “I can’t come to the party on Friday”
- Ningrum said “I want to gp on holiday but I don’t know where to gp”

Indirect Speech
- Arum said that anna had bought a new car
- Anti said that her parents were very well
- Desi said that she was going to give up smoking
- Niken said that she couldn’t come to the party on Friday
- Ningrum said the she wanted to go on holiday but she didn’t know where to go
Di dalam Reported Speech/Indirect Speech, terdapatperubahan-perubahankedalambentuklampau (the past)
Misalnya:
Am/ is menjadi was
Are menjadi was/were
Have/has menjadi had
Have to menjadi had to
Has to menjadi had to
Shall menjadi should
Will menjadi would
Can menjadi could
May menjadi might
Walk menjadi walked
Wear menjadi wore
Perubahan Tenses Dalam Reported Speech
Tenses dalam Reported Speech akanmengalamiperubahansebagaiberikut:
- Simple present menjadi simple past
- Present continues menjadi past continues
- Present perfect menjadi past perfect
- Simple past menjadi past perfect
- Simple future menjadi past future
- Past future menjadi past future perfect
Perludiperhatikanbahwa kata-kata berikutinibisaberubah:
This menjadi that
Here menjadi there
Now menjadi then
Ago menjadi before
Yesterday menjadi the day before
Tomorrow menjadi the following day
Next week menjadi the following week

Reported Speech yang tidakperlumengubah Tenses
- Inidapatterjadijika kata kerjapadaindukkalimatdinyatakandalamwaktusekarangatauwaktu (telah) lampau yang dianggapmasihrelevan.
- Dalam Reported Speech adakalanyatidakperlumengubah Tenses jikakitamelaporkanhal yang di anggap factual (nyata).
- Dalam Simple Past seringdijumpaitidakterdapatperubahan Tenses dalam Reported Speech.
- Kalimatlaporandalambentuk Present Perfect, atau Future Tense bisadiucapkantanpamengubah Tenses jikapernyataantidakdianggap using.
Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech dalamkalimatpernyataan (Statement)
- Indirect Speech/Reported Speech dalamkalimatpernyataan (statement)lebihbanyakmenggunakan kata SAY atau SAID
Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech dalamkalimatPerintah (Commands)
- Indirect speech darikalimatperintah (commands) seringmenggunakan kata TOLD atau ORDERED
- KalimatPerintahbentuknegatifdalam Reported Speech menggunakan NOT dan TO INFINITIVE
Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech dalamkalimatPermohonan (Requests)
- Indirect Speech dankalimatPermohonaninimenggunakan kata ASKED
Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech dalamkalimat Tanya (Questions)
- Indirect Speech darikalimat Tanya inimenggunakan kata ASKED
- Apabilakalimat Tanya memerlukanjawaban YES atau NO makadalam Reported Speech harusdisertakan IF atau WHETHER (artinya:apakah)
Direct Speech dan Indirect Speech dalamkalimatSeru (Exclamations)
Kalimatserumenggunakan HOW atau WHAT yang artinya ALANGKAH, untukmengungkapkanperasaankagum,heran,terkejup,dsb.
- Indirect Speech dalamkalimatseruseringmenggunakan kata SAID
Referensi:Supono.idi.english grammer.jakarta,2008

5. Direct and indirect speech
Direct Speech ataudisebutkutipanlangsungataukalimatlangsungadalahjikakitamengutipataumenirukansecarapersisapa yang dikatakanseseorangtanpamengubahsusunandan kata-katanyasedikitpun.
Direct Speech padaumumnyaterdiriatas 2(dua) bagian,yaitu:
1. Reporting Verb (kata kerja yang melaporkan)
2. Reported Words (kata-kata yang dilaporkan)
Contoh:
Reporting Verb : He says (diaberkata)
Reported words : “ I go to the office everyday”
Catatan :
- Reported words-nyaditulisdiantaratandakutip (Quotation Marks)
- Reporting VerbsamadenganReporting sentence,Reported wordssamadenganReported Speech,Reportedsentence
Indirect speech adalahkalimattaklangsungyaitukalimatyang dikatakanoleh orang lain (mungkinditempatdanwaktu yang berbeda) berdasarkanapa yang dikatakanolehpenuturpertama.’indirect speech’ disebutjuga reported speech atau quoted apeech.

Contoh:
Direct speech Indirect speech
He said,’I work hard He said (that) he worked hard
He said,’I will work hard He said (that) he would work hard
He said,’I worked hard He said (that) he had worked hard

1. Dalam indirect speech, “the past continuous tense” yang digunakandengan when clause tidakmengalamiperubahan
2. Dalam British English, penulisantandakutipmenggunakantandakutipsatu( ‘ ‘ ), sedangkandalam American English, penulisannyamenggunakantandakutipdua ( “ “ ).
3. Untuksuatupernyataan yang benarsecarauniversal,kitadapatmenggunakan the simple present tense didalam noun clause.contoh: he said that the sun rises in the east.

Perhatikanperubahan kata keteranganwaktudan kata kerja di dalam indirect speech.
He asked, ‘ Did you stay here? ‘ He asked whether (or not) I had stayed there.
He said, ‘ I was sick two days ago.’ He said (that) he had been sick two days before/earlier.
He said, ‘ I will work tomorrow.’ He said (that) he would work the following / next day.
He said, ‘ I arrived yesterday.‘ He said (that) he had arrived the day before / the previous day.
He said, ‘ I was there last week.’ He said (that) he had been there the week before.
He said, ‘ I am leaving today.’ He said (that) he was leaving that day.
He said, ‘ drivemyself.’ He said (that) he drove himself.
He said, ‘ I was early this morning.’ He said (that) he had been early that morning.
He said, ‘ I am eating now.’ He said (that) he was eating then.
He said, ‘ he will come.’ He said (that) he would go.

(a) Perhatikantatacarapenulisantandabaca. Tandabacatitik (.) harusada di dalamtandabacapetik. Setelah kata He said, gunakantandakoma (,) jikabukandiakhirkalimat.
(b) Jikakalimatlangsungada di depankalimat (memulaikalimat), makakalimatlangsung di dalamtandabacapetik( ‘ ‘ ) di akhiridengantandabacakoma (,) danberada di dalamtandapetik.contoh: ‘I came two days ago,’ he said.


Referensi :Lou.robby.english tenses and how to use them the first step to wardsspeking English.jakarta,2005